Location Privacy and Surveillance Issues

E911-LBS Publications and Analyst Reports

Coming February 1st, 2012 -THE Definitive Guide To GPS, RFID, Wi-Fi, and Other Wireless Location-Based Services - 2012 is THE essential reference and educational tool for any business interested in Location-Based Services, representing the latest research in the LBS market space. It includes:

Description of ecosystem categories and analysis

Analysis of key LBS vendors, applications and solutions

Forecast for LBS applications in North America 2009-2012

Insights into best design and marketing practices for LBS applications

Analysis of LBS applications and vendors for consumer, business and government

Select Questions Answered in Publication:

What is the current status of the North American LBS market? How are the players interconnected?

Who are the key providers of location-based services?

What are the key applications that are successful? Who and what will be successful? Why? How?

What technologies - individually and in combination - enable these applications?

Scroll down for a full Table of Contents.

A single user license is $1,995. You can use The PayPal Shopping Cart to pay via PayPal or By Credit Card, or email us at dwilliams@e911-lbs.com with a purchase order. Upon purchase, select "No Shipping Required" and it will be emailed in PDF format to the email address you specify during the purchase process.

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1.      Introduction. 7
1.1.   Overall Purpose. 7
1.2    What are Wireless Location-Based Services (LBS)?. 10
1.3    Why Are Location-Based Services Important?. 11
1.4    What is The Difference Between Wireless and Wireline LBS?. 14
1.5    The North American LBS Forecast – Revenue, Hot Applications, and Why. 17
1.6    What is The Global Positioning System (GPS), and Why Is It Such An Important Part of Location-Based Services? 19
1.6.1 GPS Overview.. 19
1.6.2 Why GPS is Important For LBS.. 23
1.6.3    “Conventional” GPS versus Assisted-GPS.. 25
1.6.4 Why GPS alone is not enough. 31
1.6.4.1 GPS-Based versus Network-Based Location Determination. 31
1.6.4.2 RFID.. 33
1.6.4.3 Location-Enabled Wi-Fi/802.11x. 36
1.7    The Future of GPS.. 37
1.7.1 Galileo. 37
1.7.2 QZSS.. 40
1.7.3 Beidou/Compass. 41
1.7.4 GLONASS.. 44
1.8    A Quick (and Humorous) Profile of The Evolution of LBS in the U.S, and Why It Took So Darn Long…    46
1.9    What took so long?. 54
1.10 LBS Opportunity Overview.. 56
1.11 Why LBS Applications Fail 60

2.      2009-2012 LBS North American Forecast and Market Drivers. 64
2.1    North American Forecast 64
2.1.1 Analysis. 64
2.1.2 Bottom Line. 66
2.2    United States/Canada/ Forecast and Market Drivers. 67
2.2.1 United States. 67
2.2.2 Canada. 69

3.      The LBS Ecosystem.. 72
3.1    Overview.. 72
3.2    Map Data Providers. 73
3.2.1 Overview.. 73
3.2.2 Map Data Components. 76
3.2.2.1       Attribute Data. 76
3.2.2.2       Feature Representation. 76
3.2.2.3       Spatial Relationships and Analysis. 78
3.2.2.4       Coordinate Systems and Map Projection. 79
3.2.2.5       Spatial Data Encoding. 79
3.2.2.5.1      Vector Data. 80
3.2.2.5.2      Raster Data. 80
3.2.2 Key Players. 83
3.2.2.1        NAVTEQ.. 83
3.2.2.2        TeleAtlas. 86
3.2.2.3        Specialty Data Providers. 88
3.2.2.3.1         AirSage. 88
3.2.2.3.2         Clear Channel Communications. 91
3.2.2.3.3         Dash Navigation. 92
3.2.2.3.4         Inrix. 93
3.2.2.3.5         NAVTEQ/Traffic.com... 95
3.2.2.3.6         Westwood One/ Metro Networks. 97
3.3    Geospatial/Location Platform Providers. 98
3.3.1 Overview.. 98
3.3.2 Key Players. 99
3.3.2.1           Autodesk (Now part of Telecommunications Systems) 99
3.3.2.2           deCarta. 101
3.3.2.3           Google Maps. 103
3.3.2.4           Networks in Motion (NIM) 106
3.3.2.5           Skyhook Wireless. 107
3.4    Application Providers. 109
3.4.1 Overview.. 109
3.4.2 Key Players. 110
3.4.2.1      Enterprise Applications. 111
3.4.2.1.1         Smarter Agent 111
3.4.2.1.2         Zoospi 112
3.4.2.2        Navigation. 113
3.4.2.2.1         TeleNav (Supplier to Carriers) 113
3.4.2.2.2         Telmap. 114
3.4.2.2.3         Portable Navigation Devices (e.g. Garmin, Tom Tom, Magellan, Trimble) 115
3.4.2.3        Safety and Security (includes Family Finder) 116
3.4.2.3.1         AEN911. 116
3.4.2.3.2         Wavemarket 119
3.4.2.4         Social Networking. 121
3.4.2.4.1         DialPlus. 121
3.4.2.4.2         Loopt 123
3.4.2.4.3         TEN23 (Spotjots) 126
3.4.2.4.4        Whrrl 127
3.5    Devices. 128
3.5.2 Overview.. 128
3.5.3 Key Players. 128
3.5.2.1            Nokia. 128
3.5.2.2            Research In Motion (Blackberry) 130
3.6    LBS-Related Chipset Manufacturers. 132
3.6.2 Overview of GPS Chipset Dimensions. 132
3.6.2 Key Players. 136
3.6.2.1            Qualcomm... 136
3.6.2.2            Sirf (CDR) 138
3.6.3 Key Trends/Predictions. 141
3.7    LBS Aggregators. 142
3.7.1 Overview.. 142
3.7.2 Key Players. 143
3.7.2.1             Alcatel Lucent 143
3.7.2.2             Loc-Aid. 146
3.7.2.3             ulocate. 149
3.7.2.4             Useful Networks. 151
3.7.2.5             WaveMarket 155
3.7.3 Key Trends/Predictions. 159
3.8    Carriers. 160
3.8.1 Overview.. 160
3.8.2 Key Players. 161
3.8.2.2        AT&T Mobility. 161
3.8.2.2.1         Navigation (AT&T Navigator) 162
3.8.2.2.2         Family Finder (AT&T FamilyMap) 163
3.8.2.2.3         Social Networking (Loopt) 164
3.8.2.2.4         Mobile Resource Management (TeleNav and Xora) 165
3.8.2.3        Bell Mobility. 166
3.8.2.3.1         Navigation. 166
3.8.2.3.2         Famliy Finder (Seek and Find) 167
3.8.2.4        Sprint Nextel 168
3.8.2.4.1         Navigation (Sprint Navigator) 169
3.8.2.4.2         Family Finder (Sprint Family Locator) 170
3.8.2.4.3         Social Networking (Loopt) 170
3.8.2.4.3         Mobile Resource Manaqement 171
3.8.2.5        Telus. 172
3.8.2.5.1         Navigation (TELUS Navigator) 172
3.8.2.5.2         Family Finder 173
3.8.2.5.3         Mobile Resource Management 174
3.8.2.6        T-Mobile. 175
3.8.2.7        Verizon Wireless. 176
3.8.2.7.1         Navigation. 177
3.8.2.7.3         Family Finder (Chaperone) 178
3.8.2.7.4         Social Networking (Loopt) 178
3.8.2.7.5         Mobile Resource Manaqement 179
3.9    Location Infastructure Providers. 181
3.9.1       Andrews Corporation. 181
3.9.2     Broadcom... 183
3.9.3      OpenWave. 185
3.9.4       TeleCommunication Systems (TCS) 187
3.9.5       TruePosition. 189

4.      Consumer LBS Applications. 191
4.1    Overview.. 191
4.1.1 The Navigation Platform: In-Vehicle versus Portable - Which will win?. 191
4.2    Consumer/Children Safety and Security (Family Finder) 195
4.2.1 Overview.. 195
4.2.2 Key Requirements. 199
4.3    Mobile Social Networking. 200
4.3.1 Overview.. 200
4.3.2 Key Requirements. 204
4.4    Location-Based Mobile Games. 205
4.4.1 Overview.. 205
4.4.2 Key Requirements. 208
4.5    Location-Based Entertainment 209

5       Business and Government Opportunities. 211
5.1    Functional Opportunities. 211
5.1.1 Mobile Resource Management (MRM) 211
5.1.1.1        Overview.. 211
5.1.1.2         Key Requirements. 214
5.1.1.3         Key Players. 215
5.1.1.3.1         ActSoft 215
5.1.1.3.2         TeleNav. 218
5.1.1.3.3         Xora (includes GearWorks) 219
5.1.2 Mobile Asset Management (MAM) 222
5.1.2.1       Safety and Security. 226
5.1.2.2       Complex Process Simplification. 227
5.2    Business/Industry Vertical Opportunities. 228
5.2.1 Overview.. 228
5.2.2 Agriculture. 229
5.2.3 Archaeology. 230
5.2.4 Consumer Products. 231
5.2.5 Construction. 233
5.2.6 Financial Services. 235
5.2.7 Health Care. 236
5.2.8 Insurance. 238
5.2.9 Manufacturing. 239
5.2.10 Media. 240
5.2.11 Medical 241
5.2.12 Outdoor Recreation and Management 243
5.2.13 Public Safety (Beyond E911 or Consumer Safety Apps) 244
5.2.14 Real Estate. 246
5.2.15 Retail 247
5.2.16 Security Services. 249
5.2.17 Shopping Malls. 250
5.2.18 Stadium Management 252
5.2.19 Transportation. 253
5.2.20 Utilities. 255
5.2.21 Wireless E911. 257
5.2.22 Zoo Management 259
5.3    Technology-Based Opportunities. 260
5.3.1 RFID Applications – Current and Future. 260
5.3.1.1              RFID Issues. 260
5.3.1.2            Bottom Line. 262
5.3.2 Location-Enabled Wi-Fi/802.11x. 263
5.3.2.1      Overview.. 263
5.3.2.2      Health Care. 264
5.3.2.3      Manufacturing. 265
5.3.2.4      Warehousing and Distribution. 267
5.3.2.5      Campus Environments. 268
5.3.3      Convergent Opportunities. 272
5.3.3.1       Cellular/Wi-Fi 273
5.3.3.2       Cellular/RFID.. 274

6.      Identifying LBS Opportunities. 276
6.1 Niche versus “Mass’ Markets. 276
6.1.1    The LBS Application “Wheel”^TM. 276
6.1.2    The Case For Niche Markets. 277
6.1.2.1        Functionality Packaging. 277
6.1.2.1.2         Device Selection. 278
6.1.2.1.3         Map Data Selection. 283
6.1.2.1.4         Network Architecture Design. 284
6.1.2.1.5        Location-Determination Method Selection. 285
6.1.2.1.6         Business Model Design. 286
6.1.2.2       Niche Product Marketing. 287
6.1.3   The (Lesser) Case For Mass Markets. 289
6.1.4   WHY LBS APPLICATIONS FAIL! (Continued) 290
6.1.4.1        Poorly Identified Opportunities. 291
6.1.4.2        Poorly Articulated Customer Value Proposition. 294
6.2    LBS Opportunity Psychology. 295
6.2.1    “Want” Versus “Need” (Discretionary versus Necessity) 295
6.2.2    First To Market versus Fast Follower. Which To Choose?. 298

7.      How To Market Location-Based Applications. 299
7.1    WHY LBS APPLICATIONS FAIL (continued)! 299
7.2    Packaging The Value Proposition. 302
7.3    Leveraging Your Partners. 307

Appendices
A.           Appendix-LBS Positioning Determination Technologies – GPS
      And Terrestrial-Based Technologies………………………………….

Table of Contents

A.0   Introduction to Positioning Systems. 4
A.0.1   Position versus Location. 4
A.0.2   Introduction to Positioning. 6
A.0.3 Location Determination Methods for Mobile Applications. 7
A.1   Satellite-Based Technologies Overview.. 9
A.1.1 Geostationary Satellites. 10
A.1.2 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) Satellites. 13
A.1.3 Low Earth Orbit Satellites. 15
A.1.4 Elliptical Orbit Satellites. 17
A.2   The Global Positioning System (GPS) 19
A.2.1   Overview.. 19
A.2.2   GPS Coverage. 24
A.2.3         GPS Calculations. 25
A.2.3.1       Satellite Position Determination. 26
A.2.3.2       Calculation of a GPS Device’s Distance from a Satellite. 27
A.2.3.3       GPS Device Location Calculation. 29
A.2.3.4       GPS Error Sources. 31
A.2.3.4.1         Selective Availability. 31
A.2.3.4.2         Tropospheric Delays. 32
A.2.3.4.3         Ionospheric Delays. 32
A.2.3.4.4         Multi-Path Delays. 32
A.2.3.4.5         Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) and Visibility Delays. 33
A.2.3.5       GPS Calculation Refinement 35
A.2.3.5.1         Pseudo-Ranges. 36
A.2.3.5.2         Differential Correction. 37
A.2.3.5.3         WAAS - Wide Area Augmentation Signal. EGNOS and MSAS.. 38
A.2.4   Other Considerations. 39
A.2.4.1       Alternatives to GPS.. 39
A.2.4.2       Time to First Fix (TTFF) 39
A.2.4.3       Cold Start 39
A.2.4.4       Autonomous start 39
A.2.4.5       Warm start 40
A.2.4.6       Hot start 40
A.2.4.7       Obscuration. 40
2.5    GPS Technical Data. 41
2.6    Assisted GPS (A-GPS) 44
A.2.6.1       Assisted GPS Historical Background. 44
A.2.6.2       How Assisted GPS Works. 48
A.2.7   The Future of GPS.. 55
A2.7.1 Galileo. 55
A.2.7.2       QZSS.. 58
A.2.7.3       Beidou/Compass. 59
A.2.2.4       GLONASS.. 62
A.3   Terrestrial Network-Based Location Technologies. 64
A.3.1   Overview.. 64
A.3.2   Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 65
A.3.2.1       History of GSM.. 65
A.3.2.2       GSM Network Architecture. 68
A.3.2.2.1         The Mobile Station. 69
A.3.2.2.2         Base Station Subsystem... 70
A.3.2.2.2.1     The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 70
A.3.2.2.2.2 The Base Station Controller (BSC) 71
A.3.2.2.2.3 Location Measurement Unit (LMU) 71
A.3.2.2.3         The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) 73
A.3.2.2.3.1     The Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 73
A.3.2.2.3.2     Home Location Register (HLR) 73
A.3.2.2.3.3     Visitors Location Register (VLR) 74
A.3.2.2.3.4     The Equipment Identity Register 74
A.3.2.2.3.5     Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC) 75
A.3.2.2.3.6          Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 76
A.3.2.2.4         Operations and Support Subsystem... 77
A.3.2.3 GSM Location Management (Cell Handover) 78
A.3.2.4       GSM Location Management (For Location-Based Services) 79
A.3.2.4.1         Cell ID.. 81
A.3.2.4.2         Cell ID Plus Cell Sector 82
A.3.2.4.3         Timing Advance. 82
A.3.3   Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Angle of Arrival (AOA) 85
A.3.4 What Happened to E-OTD?. 90
A.3.5   E-OTD vs. TDOA.. 94
A.3.6   Comparing Handset-based and Network-based Strategies. 95
A.3.7   Control Plane versus User Plane. 99
A.3.7.1       Control Plane. 99
A.3.7.2       User Plane (also known as Secure User Plane, or SUPL) 100
A.4   RFID. 103
A.4.1   RFID Overview.. 103
A.4.2. RFID Applications. 106
A.4.3   RFID Dimensions. 107
A.4.4   Strategic Implications of Wal-Mart’s RFID Mandate. 110
A.5   Wi-Fi/802.11x. 116
A.5.1   Wi-Fi/802.11 Overview.. 116
A.5.1.1       FHSS.. 117
A.5.1.2       DSSS.. 118
A.5.2   Specifications Overview.. 119
A.5.2.1       802.11. 119
A.5.2.2       802.11a. 119
A.5.2.3       802.11b. 120
A.5.2.4       802.11g. 120
A.5.2.4       802.11n. 121
A.5.3   Wi-Fi Location Technology. 122
A.5.3.1       Received Signal Strength Intensity (RSSI) 123
A.5.3.2           RSSI-Based Pattern Matching. 124
A.5.3.3           RSSI-Based Wireless Grid. 125
A.5.3.4           Hybrid Technologies. 127
A.5.4   Location-Enabled Wi-Fi Applications. 128

Appendix B - About the Author 129

Older Publications, still useful and relevant, at drastically reduced prices

The Definitive Guide to Wireless E911 - Single User License was $495, NOW $95 - The description of the technologies involved in particular are still relevant!

Originally published in 2004 and updated several times since, this publication is authored by highly acclaimed location technology, applications and services expert David H. Williams. This report has been updated in several areas with a particular emphasis on the business and technical issues, regulations, and impacts of 9-1-1 for VoIP service. This report provides key wireless 911 stakeholders, including state, local, and federal public safety officers, seasoned wireless executives, technology-savvy business executives, investment firms, and the educated consumer, a guide to understand the past, present, and future of wireless 911, also call Enhanced 911 or more often E-911. The report is distinguished from others because it addresses every key dimension of wireless E-911, from technologies, to regulatory issues, to business implications, to privacy implications, and much more. It covers these aspects at both the strategic level and a detailed, tactical level, providing the reader with useable information to set specific direction for his or her area(s) of responsibility.

While this research will be valuable to many in the wireless industry, this report will be of particular interest to:

Suppliers of public safety wireless systems, positioning systems (GPS, A-GPS, E-OTD, TDOA, TOA, AOA, AFLT), and location-based services (LBS) applications and services
Companies concerned with network and systems integration between wireless carriers, public safety answer points (PSAP), and other public safety systems
Providers of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), GIS map data, and related information for mobile location services (MLS)
Mobile network operators and wireless service providers such as resellers, agents, and mobile virtual network operators (MVNO)
Companies involved with next generation networks and concerned with the implementation and operation of E-911 over VoIP networks
Companies, agencies and government entities concerned with public safety, homeland security, and law enforcement
Companies, agencies and government entities outside the United States that want to learn from the US wireless 911 experiences. This will be of particular value to European interests in enhancing wireless 112 emergency calling services

With platforms and applications designed to meet the needs of both consumers and enterprise customers, WaveMarket Inc. considers itself a pioneer in location-based solutions. Delivering location-based services to mobile handset users, their peers, or groups, they enable location-based blogging and tagging to enterprise asset tracking. They are also a very enigmatic company, but E911-LBS Consulting has been able to develop one of the most comprehensive profiles available. See below for a report sample. $395.

WaveMarket Analysis Report Excerpt

Webraska is a leading provider of mobile GPS navigation solutions and high-end geospatial software platforms for wireless carriers, Internet portals, and Fleet Management service providers worldwide. They've carved out a leadership position in Europe - Find out why! At $395 a great value!

Microsoft has accelerated its efforts in Location-Based Services, from introducing its Mappoint platform to its latest offerings such as Windows Live Local and Virtual Earth. This report digs deep into these service platforms to determine their key advantages and disadvantages using E911-LBS' Business and Technology Strategy Report Card. At $220 (WW) a tremendous timesaver for companies and individuals looking to understand Microsoft's LBS strategy and offerings.

With its acquisition of SignalSoft in 2001, Openwave has continued to expand its LBS platform offerings. Openwave's Location Manager platform seeks to maintain its positioning as a market leader, but there are a variety of issues and obstacles in its way. A comprehensive look at a complex and important LBS player. $695.

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